Hotakball, Afsharid dynastyball. x��[m�۸� �A�Z���")�X���d/)�m�[�@�~��X�-mm9������dɫ��˝,�Ù�<3d�nM�Y>7����M�,���U���~����/뫯��e�lʺZ,�ۏw����wW�"2xܼ'��AG�L�,�|�Ø�~ς������;��ͯ�޿��}=K����, ��L�/�l^����3�����\���q[׻ٿ�ǿ�� ���2VQZx+~���*N�XOZ$Q�:C���)�;f�9�J��^���_��|h���< �f���2�� When Shah Tahmasp entered the throne at a young age, Persia was in a dire state. But it was Shah Safi, under influence by his Prime Minister, Saru Taqi, that initiated the program of trying to increase the royal revenues by buying land from the governors and putting in place local commissioners. Their imagination is animated, quick and fruitful. [50] A collection of his poems in Azeri were published as a Divan. Ottoman Empire. Sultan Husayn (1694–1722) in particular was known for his love of wine and disinterest in governance. Martha’s mother Theodora—better known as Despina Khatun[46]—was a Pontic Greek princess, the daughter of the Grand KomnenosJohn IV of Trebizond. [134] Caravanserais were designed especially to benefit poorer travelers, as they could stay there for as long as they wished, without payment for lodging. Since the Safavid Empire had a far weaker agrarian base than the Ottoman Empire, it is not surprising that the peasants carried less political weight. Despite the reforms, the Qizilbash would remain the strongest and most effective element within the military, accounting for more than half of its total strength. He was the ward of the powerful Qizilbash amir Ali Beg Rūmlū (titled “Div Soltān”) who saw himself as the de facto ruler of the state. The Safavids ultimately succeeded in establishing a new Persian national monarchy. The war between the two powers continued under Ismāil’s son, Shāh Tahmāsp I (q.v. At its zenith, during the long reign of Shah Abbas I the empire’s reach comprised Iran, Iraq, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Turkey. He wholeheartedly adopted the use of gunpowder (See Military history of Iran). Get an answer for 'What are the differences between the Ottoman and Safavid empires in terms of government and religion?' subjugate their enemies and build their control. Then two Englishmen, Robert Sherley and his brother Anthony, helped Abbas I to reorganize the Shah’s soldiers into an officer-paid and well-trained standing army similar to a European model (which the Ottomans had already adopted). <> The Christian Armenians thus became a commercial elite in the Safavid society and managed to survive in the tough atmosphere of business being fought over by the British, Dutch, French, Indians and Persians, by always having large capital readily available and by managing to strike harder bargains ensuring cheaper prices than what, for instance, their British rivals ever were able to. [132], Under the governance of the strong shahs, especially during the first half of the 17th century, traveling through Persia was easy because of good roads and the caravanserais, that were strategically placed along the route. The status of physicians during the Safavids stood as high as ever. While the imams and judges of law applied civil law in their practice, urf was primarily exercised by the local commissioners, who inspected the villages on behalf of the Shah, and by the Minister of Justice (Divanbegi). He also established Shi’a … Fine silks. The original name was just turki, and so a convenient name might be Turki-yi Acemi. And his power reached its peak in 1598, when he became the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. First he sued for peace in 1590 with the Ottomans giving away territory in the north-west. The Sunni Ulema or clergy were either killed or exiled. According to some historians, including Richar… [121] In time, this proved to become a burden to the people that were under the direct rule of the Shah, as these commissioners, unlike the former governors, had little knowledge about the local communities that they controlled and were primarily interested in increasing the income of the Shah. The Safavid dynasty was founded about 1501 by Shāh Ismāil I. Even though Safavids were not the first Shia rulers in Iran, they played a crucial role in making Shia Islam the official religion in the whole of Iran. However, these cities were later inherited by his Abdali Afghan military commander, Ahmad Shah Durrani. The Turkish speakers of Azerbaijan are mainly descended from the earlier Iranian speakers, several pockets of whom still exist in the region. The Judge is seated at one end of the room having a writer and a man of law by his side. …the Persians are dissembling, shamelessly deceitful and the greatest flatterers in the world, using great deception and insolence. After the death of Haydar, the Safaviyya gathered around his son Ali Mirza Safavi, who was also pursued and subsequently killed by Ya’qub. The Qizilbash tribes were essential to the military of Iran until the rule of Shah Abbas I– their leaders were able to exercise enormous influence and participate in court intrigues (assassinating Shah Ismail II for example). Key Terms . In private they usually wore a veil that only covered the hair and the back, but upon leaving the home, they would put on a large sheet, that concealed the whole of the body except from the face. The Chief architect of this colossal task of urban planning was Shaykh Bahai (Baha’ ad-Din al-`Amili), who focused the programme on two key features of Shah Abbas’s master plan: the Chahar Bagh avenue, flanked at either side by all the prominent institutions of the city, such as the residences of all foreign dignitaries. [125], Criminal justice was entirely separate from civil law and was judged upon common law administered through the Minister of Justice, local governors and the Court minister (the Nazir). , receiving petitions presented to the historian Roger Savory, “ ‘ Sheikh Junayd was content. Convert his Afghan subjects in Qandahar from Sunni to the sciences, the highest post was that Persian! Official religion and killed Haydar in 1488 in Azerbaijani pen-name of Khatai Abbas I also safavid empire enemies... Answer for 'What are the Shi ' a official religion to break the dependence on the Empire! 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